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Community-based monitoring
Community-based monitoring (CBM) is a form of public oversight, ideally driven by local information needs and community values, to increase the accountability and quality of social services such as health,〔Poverty Action Lab, Community-based monitoring of primary health care providers in Uganda http://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/community-based-monitoring-primary-healthcare-providers-uganda〕 development aid,〔Gupta, Huma, Haris Jahangeer & Mateja Zupancic "Community-Based Monitoring Toolkit." Integrity Watch Afghanistan. June 2013 http://www.communitymonitoring.org〕 or to contribute to the management of natural resources.〔Forest Compass, 2015, http://forestcompass.org/〕 Within the CBM framework, members of a community affected by a social program or environmental change track this change and its local impacts, and generate demands, suggestions, critiques and data that they then act on, including by feeding back to the organization implementing the program or managing the environmental change. For a Toolkit on Community-Based Monitoring methodology with a focus on community oversight of infrastructure projects, see (www.communitymonitoring.org ) (Available in English and Dari/Farsi).〔Gupta, Huma, Haris Jahangeer & Mateja Zupancic "Community-Based Monitoring Toolkit." Integrity Watch Afghanistan. June 2013 http://www.communitymonitoring.org〕 For a library of resources relating to community-based monitoring of tropical forests, see (forestcompass.org/how/resources ).〔Forest Compass, 2015, http://forestcompass.org/〕
CBM aims not only to generate the appropriate information for high quality service delivery but also seeks to strengthen local decision-making, public education, community capacity and effective public participation in local government.〔The Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network Coordinating Office and the Canadian Nature Federation. (2003). Improving Local Decision-Making through Community Based Monitoring: Toward a Canadian Community Monitoring Network. http://www.ccmn.ca/english/library/ccmn.pdf〕 Ultimately, CBM is a tool to facilitate more inclusive decision-making on issues that are important to members of a community, including increasingly complex aspects of social, economic and environmental factors.〔The Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network Coordinating Office and the Canadian Nature Federation. (2003). Improving Local Decision-Making through Community Based Monitoring: Toward a Canadian Community Monitoring Network. http://www.ccmn.ca/english/library/ccmn.pdf〕
CBM has primarily been used in the disciplines of health and natural resource management.
==CBM and public services==
Within the public services field, CBM has been used to increase the quality and accountability of health services by enabling local people to evaluate and direct the health services available to them as well as hold healthcare providers accountable to program objectives. CBM of health services aims to promote decentralized inputs for better planning of health activities, based on the locally relevant priorities and issues identified by various community representatives. The most extensive exercise in CBM of health services is being implemented by the Government of India under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
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